Found in East Asia From Freedom to the authority and then to multi

 Southern Metropolis Daily: According to your research, you recognized the

from each type of political system to maintain the period look, also showed a regular, five-nation East Asia, a region largely free of democratic institutions to maintain a 13 to 15 years, a period of authoritarian regime is also similar to maintain , about 31 years.

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Southern Metropolis: From the empirical point of view of regional political development of the law is a huge project. Initially, it was how to choose research subjects, why the first choice in East Asia?

there is the elite integration. The so-called multi-party democracy in East Asia have, with two-party system. Our study found that: no matter what kind of democracy, the elite is a certain consensus, or that the five countries of East Asia a zone of democratic constitutional system and political power structure is determined by its social elite, a total of governance. Political struggle on the surface, but the basic system and basic policy level is basically the same. Competition in the multi system, the political elite there is a consensus in the control of people's emotions and hold political measured.

Southern reporter Fang Ning researchers through interviews, will present their research out of context. Guests view the text represent only personal views, this newspaper published a new level in order to cause contention and discussion.

authoritarian regime into the second stage of political development in the social chaos and economic stagnation in the background, the authoritarian system to a certain extent, is a system of relief, adapted to the stage of social development. Park Chung-hee is a coup, there is a coup in Indonesia, and have stabilized the community, to maintain the regime. Stagnation and confusion in front of stage, paving the way for the military regime to do. Coup government in an effort to grasp economic development, to provide their own legitimacy, the result is government-led industrialization. East Asia's industrialization and authoritarian system has obvious relevance. Although Japan can not be authoritarian system, but the LDP one-party system under the rule of 55, also has its own characteristics, the Japanese economy during this period to rise again.

political structure of the three elements


Southern Metropolis Daily: This single-phase lines can be summarized into the political system change it? Democratization process in some countries in East Asia What are the conditions of success?

change the political system there are ideological and cultural aspects. Because of industrialization, urbanization, social structure updated, the formation of a new benefit structure, most members of society has changed in the industrialization process identity, the formation of a new hierarchical society, in general there, and in the next three social class or stratum. Generally speaking, the middle form the so-called Once the formation of mainstream society, social consciousness, social conservative mood will enter the stage, in the upper East Asia's so-called

from China in East Asia

full of dramatic reform, South Korea, and Korean character as ups and downs. Taiwan is not a socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, they constitute a part of democracy in China. Stage of political transition in Indonesia is very obvious, from the Muslim religious and cultural backgrounds can be seen on the political development. Singapore is small, but its political model of reform and opening up has always been our attention. Therefore, we selected in the first phase of the five countries as the observation and study of a zone object, the next step will be to come into Iran and India.

formed after the East Asian authoritarian regime, there are two subtypes of multiple system: the institutional and competitive negotiation multivariate multivariate system, although they are the same in the constitutional system, but not the same power structure. Such as Singapore, from the look of its constitutional system, Singapore is a completely free and open country, but its actual power structure is very stable, and by a stable long-term control of the elite, no matter how the constitutional system, including competitive elections , but the power structure remains unchanged. This is a typical multivariate negotiation system.

Fang Ning: these countries have very similar, with the industrialization process, constantly changing the political system, political development shows a regularity. In addition to Taiwan, the five countries after World War II, have appeared during the liberal democracy, basic modeled on Western democratic constitution, established a multiparty parliamentary system of universal suffrage as the core political structure. In this initial phase, chaotic society in these countries, which greatly affected the process of industrialization. South Korea ten years basically no major development. Indonesia in two decades from 1945-1965, liberal democracy has not led industrialization.

to the later stages of industrialization, the country's political and have to change, is essentially a transformation of the authoritarian system to a pluralistic system.

Fang Ning: Japan is a leader in the industrialization of Asia. Industrialization and modernization of Western history than the first think of Japan. East Asia is concerned, the 19th century is a very important starting point stage. 19th-century East Asia has three major reforms: the beginning of 1860, China's Westernization Movement, the 1868 Meiji Restoration, Japan began and the subsequent reform of Thailand's Chulalongkorn V. Three reform, two successful, a failure. After the failure of China's reform and embarked on a difficult road twists and turns abnormal, while Japan and Thailand embarked on a gradual path of reform, the two countries to varying degrees, has saved the monarchy.

accompanied by dramatic social changes, Chinese intellectuals unprecedented ideological differences. However, in addition to China's own intellectual solid empirical research is not sufficient, the political practice for countries to develop deep understanding of difficult to say.

the CASS Institute of Political Science of the Chinese Academy of Social Housing Task Force led by Ning, the political development of East Asia opened specialized research, the basis of accumulated in the past, they spent two years time, the Chinese representative to some neighboring countries and the region's political development has made a systematic empirical research.

Editor's Note:

last December, South Korean farmers held a rally in Seoul, South Korea staged a sit-FTA protests. The completion of a democratic society is inseparable from the East Asian social movements to flourish. IC for map

Meiji Restoration in Japan and China's reform and opening up is actually very similar to the Meiji Emperor's edict file with the southeast coastal areas of China's reform and opening up some of the county of Zhejiang file as some words are very close, this is history conditions of similarity, not a general cultural sense of similarity.

Southern Metropolis Daily: East Asia's political development shows what kind of regularity? What are the key findings? Perceptions of the past compared to what new ideas where these findings?

It is in this context, the domestic focus of government to discuss the future direction of design and, although different opinions but no agreement. How to build their own social care experience in real research, based on scientific research as a difficult proposition remained on the front of the Chinese intelligentsia.

Fang Ning: You can accept this argument. The five countries of East Asia a zone of political development process has obvious similarities, showing a liberal democracy from the authoritarian regime to a pluralistic institutional development and then to the regularity of features. Of course, in different countries were also differences in the performance, in which Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, typically, because of special political environment in Taiwan, and Some countries such as South Korea and Thailand in the political development process, in a free democratic system and between the authoritarian regime after a repeated, or even repeatedly. Thailand 30 years from the last century to 70 years, in a free democratic institutions and authoritarian system structure between repeated twice.

East Asian Studies also let our competitive democratic system there are some new experience and understanding. We have an understanding of the past, it seems that: a person having the final say autocracy, democracy is our final say. In fact, this is not right. Under the system in a stable pluralistic, competing political parties to seize power is not the unscrupulous, or even can not say that the only purpose. Because, in the process of seizing power, must protect the order, life and death does not come to play is to play.

Fang Ning: In my opinion, the political system or political structure consists of three elements: the constitutional system, the power structure and benefit structure, understanding the political process in a political system or integrated from these three areas sense to start. Interests of the community structure of the industrialization of the authoritarian regime led to changes in the structure of social interests, countries have the emergence of new interest groups, such as the Korean chaebol groups emerged, new workers group. South Korea's capitalists and the working class is new in the past but also the capitalists and workers, but as a class, they are new. Era of industrialization in South Korea, growth is all-powerful capitalist zaibatsu groups outside the traditional working class has a number of lower social status, more new workers against the spirit of the group. The emergence of these two groups has brought great changes to South Korea.